Leaf Collection - Science

Plants

AIM: TO LEARN ABOUT THE NATURE OF PLANTS

Plants fall into two categories:

Evergreen:

Deciduous:

Deciduous

Evergreen

Find three examples of each:

Evergreen: 

1. Western Redcedar

2. Scots Spruce

3. Blue Spruce

Deciduous:

1. Maple

2. Oak

3. Larch 

LEAVES

                                      Simple                      Compound   

Example: 
Plant type: Deciduous / Evergreen

Leaf type: Simple / Compound
Leaf colour: Green
Photo of leaf: 

Plant drawing:

MY LEAF COLLECTION

1.

Plant type: Deciduous 

Leaf type: Simple
Leaf colour: Green turning brown

Photo of leaf: 
Plant drawing: 

2. 

Plant type: Deciduous

Leaf type: Compound

Leaf Colour: Light Green

Photo of leaf: 

Plant drawing: 

3.  

Plant type: Evergreen

Leaf type: Compound

Leaf Colour: Yellow-Green

Photo of leaf:
Plant drawing: 

4. 

Plant type: Evergreen

Leaf type: Simple

Leaf Colour: Green and a little pink-ish

Photo of leaf:
Plant drawing: 

5.  

Plant type: Deciduous / Evergreen

Leaf type: Simple / Compound

Leaf Colour: Yellow-Green

Photo of leaf: 
Plant drawing: 

RESEARCH 4 TYPES OF PLANTS

Carnivorous plants
Pine trees 
Fruit trees
NZ Natives

Example

Title: NZ Natives
Examples: 
1. Manuka
2. Marbeleaf
3. Rimu
4. Kauri

Habitat: Where do they live?
Country: New Zealand
Climate: Moderately hot and cold

Title: Carnivorous Plants

1. Venus Flytrap

2. Sundew

3. Rafflesia

4. Cephalotus Follicularis

Habitat: Tropical Islands and Rainforest

Country: Southeast Asia, Australia, South Africa, and South America

Climate: Warm/Hot

Title: Fruit trees/plants

1. Black Plum Trees

2. Rambutan Trees

3. Cotton Fruit Trees

4. Aratilies Tree

Habitat: Tropical Island and Rainforest

Country: Philippines and Indonesia

Climate: Warm/Hot

Title: Pine Trees

1. Scots Pine

2. Pinus Patola 

3. Pitch Pine

4. Stone Pine 

Habitat: Tropical Islands and Rainforest

Country: Eurasia, Italy, Mexico.

Climate: Warm/moderate.

The 7 Types of crystals

The 7 types of crystals

Type	Number of sides	2 examples	Image
Triclinic Definition:	6 sides	Feldspar, Rhodonite.
Monoclinic Definition:	6 sides	Mica, Gypsum.
Orthombic Definition:	6 sides	Sulfur, staurolite.
Trigonal Definition:	6 sides	Quartz,
Hexagonal Definition:	6 sides	Calcite, Sapphire,
Cubic Definition:	4 sides	Sugar, Salt, Halite, Galena.
Tetragonal Definition:	6 sides	Zircon, Chalcopyrite.

Explain how the following crystals are formed?

Type
Salt	As the water evaporates from the solution, atoms bond together. The also molecules bond together forming crystals. Every molecule will form the same shape every time it forms.
Sugar	While the water evaporates, the solution becomes saturated and sugar molecules will continue to come out of solution. The crystals grow by molecule by molecule.
Snowflakes	A snowflake forms when an extremly cold water droplet freezes onto a pollen or dust. This will create an ice crystal, and when the ice crystal falls to the ground. The water vapour freezes onto the primary crystal, building new crystals.

Crystals

Aim: To learn about a saturated solution and how to make crystals

Definition of a solution: 

A liquid mixture, when something is dissolved into a liquid (eg: sugar in water) 

Definition of saturated: 

Having or holding as much as can be absorbed of something (when no more sugar or borax can be dissolved into the water)

Borax Crystals: 

Materials:

1. Pipe cleaners

2. Hot water

3. Pegs

4. Spoon 

5. Container/Cup

6. 8 tsp Borax

Process: 

Step 1. Put 8 tsp amount of borax to your container/cup. 

Step 2. Pour hot water to the container don't fully fill it.

Step 3. Grab your spoon and stir. 

Step 4. When the borax has mixed with the hot water, take the spoon out and get your pipe cleaners and pegs.

Step 5. Make a star using your pipe cleaner.

Step 6. Clip the peg onto one of the legs of the pipe cleaner, hang the peg downwards so the pipe cleaner is hanging.

Sugar Crystals:

Materials:

1. Container/Cup

2. 8 tsp Sugar

3. Spoon

4. Pegs

5. Hot water 

6. Pipe cleaners

Process:

Step 1. Just like the borax crystals put 8 tsp amount of sugar to your container/cup.

Step 2. Pour hot water to the container don't fully fill it.

Step 3. Grab your spoon and stir.

Step 4. When the sugar has mixed with the hot water, take the spoon out and get your pipe cleaners and pegs.

Step 5. This time just clip the peg to the pipe cleaner.

Step 6. Hang the peg downwards so the pipe cleaner is hanging.

Salt Crystals: 

Materials:

1. 8 tsp Salt

2. Pipe Cleaners

3. Container/Cup

4. Hot water

5. Spoon

6. Pegs

Process: 

Step 1. Just like the borax and sugar crystals. Put 8 tsp amount of salt to your container/cup.

Step 2. Pour hot water to the container don't fully fill it.

Step 3. Grab your spoon and stir.

Step 4. When the sugar has mixed with the hot water, take the spoon out and get your pipe cleaners and pegs.

Step 5. Just like last time just clip the peg to the pipe cleaner.

Step 6. Hang the peg downwards so the pipe cleaner is hanging.

Findings:

Crystal Type	Shape (Describe the shape)	Size (of individual crystals)	Hardness (Crumbly to Rock Hard)
Borax	Cubic	1 to 2mm in diameter	Hard
Sugar	None but mostly cubic	No crystals	No crystals
Salt	None but mostly cubic	0.5 - 1mm in diameter	Crumbly

What crystals worked out best and why?:

The borax had the most crystals and the salt had a little bit but it was crumbly. The sugar didn't have any crystals. The borax saturated more that's why it had the most crystals in it. If the sugar was more syrup like it would have made crystals. Although our one wasn't syrup like that's why it didn't work. 

Borax Crystal:

Salt Crystal:

Scones

Aim: To look at different kitchen ingredients in scones and their effects.

In groups of 4 you will: 

• Make 4 types of scone. 
• Normal plus 3 others.

1. No butter,
2. No Baking Powder
3. No milk
4. With Lemonade
5. With Baking Soda

Recipe for normal scone:

• Milk
• Baking Powder
• Flour
• Butter

Recipe for lemonade scone:

• Lemonade
• Baking Soda
• Flour
• Butter

Recipe: Baking Soda

• Milk
• Baking Soda
• Flour
• Butter

Materials: 

1. Bowl
2. Butter
3. Baking Flour
4. Milk
5. Flour
6. Baking Powder
7. Lemonade

Process: Normal Scones

Step 1: Get your bowl and add 1/2 cup of baking powder.
Step 2: Add 1 tsp of baking soda.
Step 3: Add 10g of butter.c
Step 4: Add 1/4 amount of milk on the bowl with the dry ingredients, add more milk if needed.
Step 5: Mix all ingredients, until you have the right consistency.
Step 6: Put dough in the oven.

Findings:

TRIAL NUMBER:	COLOUR	TASTE	HEIGHT (MM)
1. NORMAL	Pale yellow	Creamy, A bit softer, a bit bland.	42mm
2. NO BAKING POWDER	Brownish	Raw in the middle, very floury, and has a weird taste.	47mm
3. WITH LEMONADE	White	Floury, tangy, you can taste a little bit of lemonade but not much.	44mm

Conclusion:
The scones were cooked for 10 minutes at 200o Celsius. The other recipes didn't taste really good, the worst scone for me was the scone with no baking powder. It was raw and very floury and didn't taste very good, it had a brownish colour and was 47mm high. The lemonade scone and was not so good either however it wasn't the worst one. It was colour white with a flory, tangy taste. I tasted a little bit of lemonade but not that much, it was 44mm high. The normal was the best scone because there was nothing added to it or removed. The colour of it was pale yellow and was a bit creamy, and softer. But it was also bland. The height of the normal scone was 44mm.